Uqoqosho luqhubekile nokuchacha kwaye luphucuka, kwaye urhwebo lweempahla lwaseTshayina lugcine ukuqina okuqinileyo phantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphandle.
Igosa elifanelekileyo elivela kwiSebe lezoRhwebo kutshanje lithe xa litolika “ikhadi lengxelo” yezoqoqosho nezorhwebo, ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina luye lwaqhubeka kancinci kancinci kwimeko enzima. Inani elikhulu lamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle liye laziqhelanisa notshintsho kwaye lafuna izinto ezintsha. Imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo yokunceda amashishini iye yaphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye urhwebo lweempahla luye lwafikelela “ekunyukeni kobuninzi nomgangatho ngaxeshanye”, nto leyo ebonisa ukuqina okukhethekileyo kunye namandla orhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina.
Ngokwedatha ekhutshwe yi-General Administration of Customs, kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokuqala zalo nyaka, ixabiso lilonke lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kweempahla eTshayina lifikelele kwi-17.94 trillion yuan, linyuka nge-2.5% unyaka nonyaka, nto leyo eqhubela phambili nokukhula. Phakathi kwazo, umthamo wokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kweempahla kwamanye amazwe wamashishini abucala ufikelele kwi-10.25 trillion yuan, unyuka nge-7%, nto leyo ebalelwa kwi-57.1% yexabiso lilonke lorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina, ukunyuka kweepesenti ezingama-2.4 xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.
UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uthe kwinqanaba elilandelayo, xa kukho imeko-bume yangaphandle enzima neguquguqukayo, uza kwandisa ngokungenakuguquka ukuvulwa okuphezulu kwaye uphendule kwizinto ezingaqinisekanga kwimeko-bume yangaphandle ngokuqiniseka kophuhliso olusemgangathweni. Okwangoku, iTshayina ijonge phambili ekusebenzeni namaqabane amaninzi orhwebo ukujongana nemingcipheko kunye nemingeni kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela omabini.
“Umxholo omtsha” kunye “nomxholo wegolide” worhwebo lwangaphandle luye lwanda ngokuqhubekayo
Okwangoku, kwinkqubela phambili yomgangatho ophezulu, inqanawa enkulu yorhwebo lwangaphandle yaseTshayina iyaqhubeka nokuhamba phambili phakathi kwamaza.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, iTshayina ilandele umgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo wokufuna inkqubela phambili ngelixa igcina uzinzo, iphumeze ngokupheleleyo, ngokuchanekileyo nangokupheleleyo ifilosofi entsha yophuhliso, ikhawulezise ukwakhiwa kwendlela entsha yophuhliso, kwaye ikhuthaza ngokuthe chu uphuhliso olusemgangathweni ophezulu. Zonke iinkqubo ezikhoyo nezintsha ziqhubekile nokusebenzisa amandla nokusebenza. Ukusebenza koqoqosho kuqalile ngokuthe chu, indlela yophuhliso intsha kwaye iyakha, kwaye urhwebo lwangaphandle luye lwaqhubeka phantsi koxinzelelo, lufikelela ekukhuleni kwesikali kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho.
Ngokwezibalo zerhafu, kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokuqala zowama-2025, ixabiso lilonke lempahla ethengiswayo eTshayina evela kwamanye amazwe kunye neyokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yayiyi-17.94 trillion yuan, enyuka nge-2.5% unyaka nonyaka. NgoMeyi, ixabiso lilonke lempahla ethengiswayo kunye neyokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eTshayina yayiyi-3.81 trillion yuan, enyuka nge-2.7%.
Igosa elifanelekileyo elivela kwiSebe lezoRhwebo lithe kwingqungquthela yabezindaba ebibanjwe kutshanje ukuba xa sijonga “ikhadi lengxelo” yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo lweenyanga ezintlanu zokuqala, iimpawu zorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina zibonakala kakhulu kwiinkalo ezintathu: “isangqa sabahlobo” abahlukeneyo ngakumbi, ukuhlanganiswa okukhawulezileyo “kwamandla amatsha aqhubayo”, kunye namandla emibutho yorhwebo lwangaphandle.
Kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokuqala, iimarike ezisakhulayo zinegalelo ekwandeni ngakumbi. Ukungeniswa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweTshayina kunye namazwe akha ngokubambisana iBelt and Road Initiative kunyuke nge-4.2%. Imarike ikhule nge-9.1% ukuya kwi-ASEAN kunye ne-12.4% ukuya e-Afrika, kwaye ipateni yemarike eyahlukeneyo yaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ngokwembono yamaqabane orhwebo, ubungakanani borhwebo phakathi kweTshayina neAfrika bufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwixesha elifanayo kwimbali. Kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla yiTshayina kumazwe aseAfrika kufikelele kwi-963.21 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, nto leyo ethetha i-5.4% yexabiso lilonke lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla yiTshayina.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba ukusukela oko kwasekwa iForam on China-Africa Cooperation ngo-2000, ubudlelwane phakathi kweChina neAfrika bufikelele kuphuhliso oluphezulu. Intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kunye neyorhwebo phakathi kwala macala mabini iqhubekile nokukhula ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ubunzulu obunzulu kunye namasimi abanzi. I-China ibisoloko iliqabane elikhulu lezorhwebo e-Afrika kangangeminyaka eli-16 ilandelelana, kwaye isikali sorhwebo siye safikelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiindawo ezintsha eziphezulu. Ngokwe-China-Africa Trade Index equlunqwe yi-Chinese Customs, ukusukela oko kwasekwa iForam on China-Africa Cooperation ngo-2000, i-index inyuke ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwixabiso elisisiseko lamanqaku ali-100, yadlula kwi-1,000 points ngo-2023 yaza yafikelela kwi-1,056.53 points ngo-2024. Ukwanda okukhulu kwamanani kubonisa ngokucacileyo uphuhliso olunamandla lwezorhwebo phakathi kweChina ne-Afrika.
Okwangoku, “umxholo omtsha” kunye “nomxholo wegolide” worhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina luye lwanda ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ukukhuphisana kweemveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphezulu kuye kwaphuculwa.
Idatha yerhafu ibonisa ukuba kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokuqala, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweemveliso zoomatshini nezombane eTshayina kufikelele kwi-6.4 trillion yuan, ukunyuka nge-9.3% unyaka nonyaka, okubangela i-60% yexabiso lilonke lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweli lizwe. Phakathi kwazo, izixhobo zokucubungula idatha ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kuzo zifikelele kwi-575.23 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi, ukwanda nge-3.9%. Iisekethe ezidibeneyo zifikelele kwi-526.4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi, ukwanda nge-18.9%. Iimoto zifikelele kwi-351.37 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi, ukwanda nge-6.6%. Oomatshini abaqhelekileyo banyuke nge-9.5%, izithuthi zombane nge-19%, kwaye iinqanawa zithunyelwa nge-18.9%.
Ukongeza, iindlela ezintsha zorhwebo lwangaphandle ezifana nokugcinwa kweebhondi zibangele ukukhula okutsha. UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uthe usebenzisane namasebe afanelekileyo ukukhupha uluhlu lokuqala lweencwadana zemveliso zokugcinwa kweebhondi kwiindawo zorhwebo olukhululekileyo. Imimandla ehlangabezana neemeko inokwenza ishishini lokugcinwa kweebhondi kwiimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana neenqwelo-moya neenqanawa. Ukusukela ngoMeyi, iiprojekthi zokugcinwa kweebhondi ezingaphezu kwama-280 ziye zaqaliswa kulo lonke ilizwe.
Qhubeka uqinisa amandla aphambili amashishini abucala orhwebo lwangaphandle
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo loqoqosho lwabucala lwaseTshayina kunye nempembelelo yalo ekhulayo kwihlabathi liphela, amashishini abucala abe ngamandla abalulekileyo kumashishini aseTshayina ukuba “afikelele kwihlabathi liphela”.
Idatha yerhafu ibonisa ukuba kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamashishini abucala kunyuke nge-7%, okumalunga ne-57.1% yexabiso lilonke lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukunyuka ngama-2.4 eepesenti xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufikelele kwi-6.97 trillion yuan, ukunyuka nge-8%, okumalunga ne-65.4% yexabiso lilonke lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eTshayina. Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kufikelele kwi-3.28 trillion yuan, ukwanda nge-4.9%, okumalunga ne-45.1% yexabiso lilonke lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe eTshayina.
Intatheli yeChangjiang Business Daily iqaphele ukuba ukusukela ngo-2019, amashishini abucala adlule amashishini axhaswa ngemali angaphandle ukuze abe lishishini elikhulu lorhwebo lwangaphandle eTshayina. Uqoqosho lwabucala luthathe isiqingatha seempahla zorhwebo lwangaphandle ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye notyalo-mali lwangaphandle iminyaka emithandathu ilandelelana.
Ngokwembono yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kurhwebo lwangaphandle, ukususela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2024, izinga lokukhula eliphakathi lonyaka lokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe amashishini abucala eTshayina yayiyi-11%, kwaye isilinganiselo sawo kumthamo welizwe lonke wokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe sinyuke ukusuka malunga ne-30% ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-50%. Ngo-2024, umthamo uwonke wokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwempahla eTshayina ufikelele kwi-43,846.8 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, unyuka nge-5.0% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwawo, umthamo wokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamashishini abucala wawuyi-24,332.9 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, unyuka nge-8.8% unyaka nonyaka, ufikelela kwi-55.5% yomthamo uwonke wokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2024, kuya kubakho amashishini aphantse abe yi-700,000 anentsebenzo yokwenyani yokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kulo lonke ilizwe, nto leyo ebeka irekhodi elitsha lenani. Phakathi kwawo, inani lamashishini abucala anentsebenzo yokwenyani yokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe lidlule kwi-600,000 okokuqala, lifikelela kwi-609,000.
Nangona ubungakanani borhwebo lwangaphandle bufikelele ekukhuleni okukhawulezileyo, umgangatho wophuhliso lwamashishini abucala nawo ubuqhubeka uphucuka. Ngo-2024, umxholo wezobuchwepheshe weemveliso ezingeniswayo nezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngamashishini abucala uqhubekile nokunyuka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe ngabathumeli nabathumeli abakhulu beemveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu eTshayina okokuqala. Ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu kunyuke nge-12.6%, kwaye isabelo sabo sexabiso lilonke lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso ezifanayo eTshayina sinyuke saya kwi-48.5%.
Kulo nyaka, nangona imeko-bume yangaphandle inzima, amashishini abucala abonakalise ukuguquguquka okukhulu kunye neenzuzo zokhuphiswano. Aphendule "kwintsha", atshintshela "kwintsha", adale iimveliso ezintsha kunye neenzuzo ezintsha, aphuhlise iindlela ezintsha zoshishino kunye neemodeli, azame ukuphonononga iimarike ezintsha kunye neendawo ezintsha, kwaye andise "umxholo omtsha" worhwebo lwangaphandle.
Ingxelo yoMsebenzi kaRhulumente yalo nyaka igxininisa ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe imizamo yokuqinisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuzinzisa urhwebo lwangaphandle, ukuxhasa amashishini ekugcineni ii-odolo nokwandisa iimarike, ukuphucula iinkonzo zemali ezifana nokuxhasa ngemali, ukuhlaliswa kunye nokutshintshiselana ngemali yangaphandle, ukwandisa ubungakanani kunye nokugubungela umshuwalense wekhredithi yokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nokuqinisa inkxaso kumashishini ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwaye abambe imiboniso phesheya. Kwintlanganiso yamashishini abucala ebibanjelwe ekuqaleni konyaka, kwavezwa ingqalelo ephezulu kumba wamashishini abucala ahamba kwihlabathi liphela. Ukongeza, amashishini abucala axhase inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho worhwebo lwangaphandle, kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso-mali kunye neemali nazo zidlale indima engenakutshintshwa nebalulekileyo kule nkqubo.
Kwinqanaba lendawo, inkxaso iyabonelelwa ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwamashishini abucala orhwebo lwangaphandle, kwaye imimandla eyahlukeneyo nayo yenza imizamo eqhubekayo. Kutshanje, iSichuan iqalise inkqubo yokulima ethi "Amashishini Akhulu Akhokelayo kunye namaShishini Aphuhlisayo Amawaka" kumashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle ngo-2025, ijolise ekuphuculeni ukwandiswa kwemarike yawo kunye namandla okumelana nomngcipheko. IZhejiang iqalise "Isicwangciso Sokuthunyelwa Kwebhanti Lorhwebo Lwehlabathi" ukunceda amashishini amaninzi orhwebo lwangaphandle "ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kophawu kunye norhwebo lwehlabathi". IShandong iqalise isicwangciso sokwandiswa kwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe esithi "10,000 Enterprises Going Global, Shandong Trade Globally", ikhonza ngokupheleleyo amashishini ekwandiseni iimarike zawo, inyusa iiodolo kwaye izinzise izabelo zawo zemarike.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-17-2025