Ngokutsho kweendaba zangaphandle nge-1 ka-Epreli, umhlalutyi u-IlenaPeng uthe imfuno yabavelisi baseMelika yomqhaphu ayipheli kwaye iyanda. Ngexesha leChicago World's Fair (1893), phantse iifektri zemqhaphu ezingama-900 zazisebenza eMelika. Kodwa iNationalCottonCouncil ilindele ukuba elo nani libe malunga ne-100 kuphela okwangoku, kwaye iifektri ezisibhozo zivala kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokugqibela zika-2023 kuphela.
“Njengoko ukwenziwa kwempahla ngelaphu ekhaya sele kuphelile, abalimi bekotoni banamathuba amancinci okufumana abathengi emakhaya kwisivuno esilandelayo.” Izigidi zeehektare zezityalo zekotoni ziyatyalwa kule nyanga ukusuka eCalifornia ukuya eCarolinas.”
| Kutheni imfuno incipha kwaye iifektri zekotoni ziphela?
UJohnMcCurry weFarmProgress uxele ekuqaleni kukaMatshi ukuba “ukutshintsha kwezivumelwano zorhwebo, ingakumbi iMvumelwano yoRhwebo oluKhululekileyo lwaseMntla Melika (i-NAFTA), kuye kwaphazamisa kakhulu eli shishini.”
“Abaphathi bemveliso bathi ukuvalwa ngequbuliso kwezityalo ezininzi zakutshanje kubangelwa ‘kukungabi namsebenzi,’ igama elichazwa njengelingabalulekanga okanye elingabalulekanga, kodwa kweli tyala lithetha nantoni na ngaphandle kwalo.” Libhekisa kwisithuba somgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo esivumela ukungeniswa kweempahla ngaphandle kwerhafu ngaphantsi kwe-$800. Ibhunga lelizwe lempahla (iNationalCouncilofTextileOrganizations NCTO) lithe ngokuthandwa korhwebo lwe-elektroniki, ‘indlela encinci isetyenziswa ngobuninzi, isenza sithengise ngezigidi ezininzi zeempahla ezingenarhafu’.”
“I-NCTO igxeka indlela encinci yokuvalwa kweendawo ezisibhozo zokutshiza umqhaphu kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo,” utshilo uMcCurry. “Iindawo zokutshiza umqhaphu ezivaliweyo ziquka i-188 Mills eGeorgia, indawo yokutshiza ephethwe ngurhulumente eNorth Carolina, iGildan Yarn Mill eNorth Carolina, kunye nendawo yokutshiza impahla eHanesbrands eArkansas.”
“Kweminye imizi-mveliso, amanyathelo akutshanje okuphucula ukuhlaziywa kwemizi-mveliso abuyisele uthotho lwemveliso emitsha e-US, ingakumbi xa inceda ekunciphiseni imiqobo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kunye noxinzelelo lwezopolitiko, njengee-semiconductors okanye iintsimbi zoshishino ezibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni uthungelwano lokubonelela ngezithuthi zombane zasekhaya,” uPeng uxela. Kodwa amalaphu awabalulekanga njengee-chips okanye iiminerali ezithile. Nangona u-ErinMcLaughlin, ingcali yezoqoqosho kwi-think tank ConferenceBoard, ekhankanye ukuba imfuneko engxamisekileyo yezixhobo zokukhusela ezifana neemaski ngexesha lobhubhane we-COVID-19 igxininisa ukubaluleka koshishino.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemizila yekotoni yeyona iphantsi ukusukela ngo-1885
I-Economic Research Service yeSebe lezoLimo lase-United States (i-USDA) ibika ukuba “Ngexesha lika-2023/24 (Agasti-Julayi), ukusetyenziswa kwe-cotton mill yase-US (ubungakanani be-cotton eluhlaza ecutshungulwa ibe yimpahla yokulahlwa) kulindeleke ukuba ibe yi-1.9 yezigidi zeebheli. Ukuba kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cotton kwi-US textile mills kuya kwehla kuye kwinqanaba eliphantsi ubuncinane kwiminyaka eli-100. Ngo-1884/85, malunga ne-1.7 yezigidi zeebheli ze-cotton zasetyenziswa.”
Ngokwengxelo ye-USDA Economic Research Service: “Ngaphambi kokuba iSivumelwano seWorld Trade Organisation (WTO) kwiMigca neZinxibo siqale ukuphelisa izabelo zokungenisa impahla yelaphu nempahla kumazwe aphuhlileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso yelaphu eMelika kwanda kwaza kwafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwakhona phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1990. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso yelaphu kwanda kumazwe aliqela, ingakumbi eTshayina. Ngelixa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle komqhaphu oluhlaza eMelika kuye kwaxhamla kwimfuno ekhulayo evela kwimizi-mveliso yaphesheya, imizi-mveliso yaseMelika isebenzisa kancinci, kwaye le ndlela ikhokelele ekubeni ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso yase-US kuye kwehla kufutshane nembali ngo-2023/24.”
UGaryAdams, i-CEO yeBhunga leSizwe leCotton, uthe, “Idatha karhulumente ibonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwesithathu kwikota yemveliso yomqhaphu yaseMelika iza kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kulo nyaka, isabelo esiphezulu kakhulu. Ukuthembela kakhulu kwimfuno yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwenza abalimi babe sesichengeni sokuphazamiseka kwezopolitiko nakwezinye izinto.”
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-22-2024