Njengoko imeko kuLwandle Olubomvu isiya isanda, iinqanawa ezininzi zeekhonteyina ziyadlula kwindlela yoLwandle Olubomvu ukuya eSuez Canal ukuze zidlule iCape of Good Hope, kwaye amaxabiso eempahla kurhwebo lweAsia-Europe kunye neAsia-Mediterranean aphindwe kane.
Abathumeli bakhawuleza ukufaka ii-odolo kwangaphambili ukuze banciphise impembelelo yexesha elide lokuhamba ukusuka e-Asia ukuya eYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokulibaziseka kohambo lokubuya, ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo zeekhonteyina ezingenanto kummandla wase-Asia kuncinci kakhulu, kwaye iinkampani zokuthumela zinqunyelwe "kwiikhontrakthi ze-VIP" eziphezulu okanye abathumeli abazimisele ukuhlawula amaxabiso aphezulu empahla.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba zonke izikhongozeli eziziswa kwisikhululo ziya kuthunyelwa ngaphambi koNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina nge-10 kaFebruwari, njengoko abathwali bezithuthi bekhetha ngokukhethekileyo imithwalo yempahla ethengiswayo enamaxabiso aphezulu kwaye bahlehlise izivumelwano ezinamaxabiso aphantsi.
Amaxabiso kaFebruwari angaphezulu kwe-$10,000
Kwixesha le-12 lendawo, i-US Consumer News and Business Channel ibike ukuba okukhona uxinzelelo olukhoyo kuLwandle oluBomvu luqhubeka ixesha elide, kokukhona impembelelo enkulu kuthutho lwehlabathi, iindleko zothutho ziya kuba phezulu nangakumbi. Imeko yokufudumala kuLwandle oluBomvu inefuthe elibi, inyusa amaxabiso othutho kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngokwezibalo, ezichatshazelwe yimeko yoLwandle oluBomvu, amaxabiso okuthutha iikhonteyina kwezinye iindlela zaseAsia-Yurophu anyuke phantse ngama-600% kutshanje. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kulungiswe ukumiswa kwendlela yoLwandle oluBomvu, iinkampani ezininzi zokuthutha zitshintsha iinqanawa zazo ukusuka kwezinye iindlela ziye kwi-Asia-Europe kunye neendlela zaseAsia-Mediterranean, nto leyo enyusa iindleko zokuthumela kwezinye iindlela.
Ngokwengxelo ekwiwebhusayithi yeLoadstar, ixabiso lendawo yokuthumela impahla phakathi kweTshayina noMntla Yurophu ngoFebruwari laliphezulu kakhulu, lingaphezulu kwe-$10,000 kwisikhongozeli ngasinye esingangeenyawo ezingama-40.
Kwangaxeshanye, i-container spot index, ebonisa amanqanaba othutho oluqhelekileyo lwexesha elifutshane, iqhubekile nokunyuka. Kwiveki ephelileyo, ngokutsho kweDelury World Container Freight Composite Index WCI, amazinga othutho kwiindlela zaseShanghai-Northern Europe anyuke nge-23% ukuya kwi-$4,406 /FEU, enyuke nge-164% ukusukela nge-21 kaDisemba, ngelixa amazinga othutho oluvela eShanghai ukuya kwiMeditera enyuke nge-25% ukuya kwi-$5,213 /FEU, enyuke nge-166%.
Ukongeza, ukunqongophala kwezixhobo zeekhonteyina ezingenanto kunye nemiqathango yokuhambisa imithwalo eyomileyo kwiPanama Canal nako kunyuse amazinga okuthutha impahla e-trans-Pacific, anyuke malunga nesinye kwisithathu ukusukela ekupheleni kukaDisemba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$2,800 ngeenyawo ezingama-40 phakathi kweAsia neNtshona. Izinga eliqhelekileyo lokuthutha impahla e-Asia-US East linyuke ngama-36 ekhulwini ukusukela ngoDisemba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$4,200 ngeenyawo ezingama-40.
Iinkampani ezininzi zokuthutha impahla zibhengeze imigangatho emitsha yokuthutha impahla
Nangona kunjalo, la maxabiso asezantsi aza kubonakala engabizi kakhulu kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezizayo ukuba amaxabiso emizila yokuthumela ahlangabezana nolindelo. Ezinye imizila yokuthumela inqanawa yeTranspacific ziza kwazisa amaxabiso amatsha eFAK, aqala ukusebenza nge-15 kaJanuwari. Isikhongozeli seenyawo ezingama-40 siya kubiza i-$5,000 kuNxweme oluseNtshona e-United States, ngelixa isikhongozeli seenyawo ezingama-40 siya kubiza i-$7,000 kumazibuko ase-East Coast naseGulf Coast.
Njengoko uxinzelelo luqhubeka lusanda kuLwandle Olubomvu, uMaersk ulumkisile ukuba ukuphazamiseka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kuLwandle Olubomvu kunokuhlala iinyanga. Njengenkampani enkulu yokuthutha imithwalo emhlabeni, iMediterranean Shipping (MSC) ibhengeze ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuthunyelwa kwempahla ekupheleni kukaJanuwari ukususela ngomhla we-15. Eli shishini liqikelela ukuba amazinga okuthunyelwa kwempahla e-trans-Pacific angafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2022.
I-Mediterranean Shipping (MSC) ibhengeze amaxabiso amatsha okuthutha impahla kwisiqingatha sesibini sikaJanuwari. Ukususela ngomhla we-15, ixabiso liza kunyuka liye kwi-$5,000 kwindlela yase-US-West, i-$6,900 kwindlela yase-US-East, kunye ne-$7,300 kwindlela yaseGulf of Mexico.
Ukongeza, i-CMA CGM yaseFransi ikwabhengeze ukuba ukususela ngomhla we-15, izinga lokuthuthwa kweekhonteyina eziziimitha ezingama-20 ezithunyelwa kumazibuko asentshona yeMeditera liza kunyuka liye kwi-$3,500, kwaye ixabiso leekhonteyina eziziimitha ezingama-40 liza kunyuka liye kwi-$6,000.
Kusekho ukungaqiniseki okukhulu
Imakethi ilindele ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokuhambisa impahla kuqhubeke. Idatha yohlalutyo lweKuehne & Nagel ibonisa ukuba ukusukela ngomhla we-12, inani leenqanawa zekhonteyina ezijikiswe ngenxa yemeko yoLwandle oluBomvu lifunyenwe lingama-388, kunye nomthamo oqikelelweyo we-5.13 yezigidi ze-TEU. Iinqanawa ezingamashumi amane ananye sele zifikile kwizibuko lazo lokuqala emva kokuba zijikiswe. Ngokutsho kwenkampani yohlalutyo lwedatha yezothutho iProject44, ukuhamba kweenqanawa zemihla ngemihla kwiSuez Canal kwehle ngama-61 ekhulwini ukuya kumyinge weenqanawa ezi-5.8 ukusukela ngaphambi kohlaselo lwamaHouthi.
Abahlalutyi bemarike babonise ukuba uhlaselo lwase-US nase-UK kwiindawo ekujoliswe kuzo iinqanawa zaseHouthi aluyi kuyithomalalisa imeko yangoku kuLwandle oluBomvu, kodwa luya kwandisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iinkampani zemikhumbi ziphephe indlela yoLwandle oluBomvu ixesha elide. Uhlengahlengiso lwendlela lube nefuthe kwiimeko zokulayisha nokukhupha impahla kwiindawo zokungcebeleka, kunye namaxesha okulinda kwiindawo zokungcebeleka eziphambili eMzantsi Afrika iDurban neKapa afikelela kumanani aphindwe kabini.
“Andicingi ukuba iinkampani zenqanawa ziya kubuyela kwindlela yoLwandle oluBomvu kungekudala,” utshilo umhlalutyi wemarike uTamas. “Kum kubonakala ngathi emva kohlaselo lwe-US-UK nxamnye neenjongo zeHouthi, uxinzelelo kuLwandle oluBomvu lusenokungayeki nje kuphela, kodwa lunokwanda.”
Ukuphendula kwiimfazwe zomoya zase-US nase-UK nxamnye nemikhosi exhobileyo yamaHouthi eYemen, amazwe amaninzi aseMbindi Mpuma abonakalise inkxalabo enkulu. Abahlalutyi bemarike bathi kukho ukungaqiniseki okukhulu malunga nemeko yangoku kuLwandle Olubomvu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iSaudi Arabia, i-United Arab Emirates kunye nabanye abavelisi beoyile baseMbindi Mpuma bayabandakanyeka kwixesha elizayo, oku kuya kukhokelela ekutshintsheni okukhulu kwamaxabiso eoyile, kwaye impembelelo iya kuba nkulu ngakumbi.
IBhanki yeHlabathi ikhuphe isilumkiso esisemthethweni, ikhankanya ukungazinzi okuqhubekayo kwezopolitiko kunye nokuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwamandla.
Imithombo: Iintloko zeMichiza yeFayibha, iNethiwekhi yeMisonto yeHlabathi, iNethiwekhi
Ixesha leposi: Jan-17-2024