Ekupheleni kuka-2023, indlela amaxabiso okuthutha iikhonteyina atshintshe ngayo ngendlela eyonwabisayo. Ukususela ekwehleni kwemfuno kunye namazinga okuthutha aphantsi ekuqaleni konyaka, ukuya kwiindaba zokuba iindlela kunye neenkampani zeenqwelo moya zilahlekelwa yimali, yonke imakethi ibonakala iphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngoDisemba, iinqanawa zorhwebo zihlaselwe kuLwandle oluBomvu, nto leyo ebangele ukuba iCape of Good Hope ijikeleze kakhulu, kwaye amazinga okuthutha eendlela zaseYurophu naseMelika anyuke kakhulu, aphindwe kabini phantse kwiinyanga ezimbini kwaye anyuke aya kwinqanaba elitsha emva kobhubhane, elivule intshayelelo egcwele imfihlakalo kunye nokumangaliswa kwimarike yokuthumela ngo-2024.
Sijonge phambili ku-2024, uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko, utshintsho lwemozulu, ukungalingani kokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nemfuno, imbonakalo yezoqoqosho kunye neengxoxo zokuvuselela abasebenzi basezikhepheni base-United States East ILA, izinto ezintlanu eziguquguqukayo ziya kuchaphazela kunye umkhwa wexabiso lokuthutha impahla. Ezi zinto ziguquguqukayo ziyimingeni kunye namathuba aza kumisela ukuba imakethi iya kuqalisa omnye umjikelo wemimangaliso yokuthumela impahla.
Iingxaki ezithe gqolo kwiSuez Canal (ebandakanya malunga ne-12 ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini yorhwebo lwehlabathi lolwandle) kunye nePanama Canal (5 ukuya kwi-7 ekhulwini yorhwebo lwehlabathi lolwandle), ezithi xa zizonke zibe malunga nesinye kwisihlanu sorhwebo lwehlabathi lolwandle, zibangele ukulibaziseka kunye nobunzima bomthamo, nto leyo enyusa ngakumbi amazinga omthwalo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu kunyuka akuqhutywa kukukhula kwemfuno, kodwa kukuqina komthamo kunye namazinga aphezulu omthwalo. Oko kunokubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, kwaye i-European Union ilumkisile ukuba amazinga aphezulu omthwalo anokunciphisa amandla okuthenga kwaye anciphise imfuno yezothutho.
Kwangaxeshanye, ishishini lokuthumela iikhonteyina lamkela ubungakanani obutsha obugqithisileyo, kwaye ubuninzi bomthamo buyanda. Ngokutsho kweBIMCO, inani leenqanawa ezintsha ezithunyelwa ngo-2024 liza kufikelela kwi-478 kunye ne-3.1 yezigidi ze-TEU, ukwanda kwe-41% unyaka nonyaka kunye nerekhodi entsha kunyaka wesibini ngokulandelelana. Oku kukhokelele uDrewry ukuba aqikelele ukuba ishishini lokuthumela iikhonteyina linokulahlekelwa ngaphezulu kwe-10 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kulo lonke unyaka ka-2024.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ekhawulezileyo kuLwandle Olubomvu izise utshintsho olukhulu kwishishini lokuthutha impahla. Le ngxaki ibangele ukunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso empahla kwaye yanciphisa amandla amaninzi. Oko kuvumele ezinye iinkampani zeenqwelo moya kunye nabathuthi bempahla ukuba baphefumle. Imbonakalo yengeniso yeenkampani ezifana ne-Evergreen kunye neYangming Shipping iphucukile, ngelixa ixesha lengxaki yoLwandle Olubomvu liza kuba nefuthe elibi kwixabiso lempahla, amaxabiso eoli kunye namaxabiso, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwekota yesibini yeshishini lokuthutha impahla.
Inani labahlalutyi abaphezulu kwishishini lokuthuthwa kweekhonteyina bakholelwa ukuba iYurophu ichatshazelwa yingxabano yaseRashiya neUkraine kunye nengxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu, ukusebenza koqoqosho akulunganga njengoko bekulindelwe, kwaye imfuno ibuthathaka. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uqoqosho lwase-US kulindeleke ukuba lufikelele kwindawo ethambileyo, kwaye abantu bayaqhubeka nokuchitha imali, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izinga lokuthutha impahla lase-US lixhaswe, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba libe ngamandla aphambili enzuzo yeenqwelo-moya.
Ngenxa yengxoxo ezinzulu zesivumelwano esitsha sesivumelwano sexesha elide sase-United States, kunye nokuphela kwesivumelwano se-ILA Longshoremen e-United States East kunye nomngcipheko wokuqhankqalaza (isivumelwano se-ILA-International Longshoremen's Association siya kuphelelwa ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, ukuba ii-terminals kunye neenkampani zeenqwelo azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno, zilungiselele uqhankqalazo ngo-Okthobha, ii-terminals zase-United States East naseGulf Coast ziya kuchaphazeleka), umkhwa wamaxabiso empahla uya kujongana neenguqu ezintsha. Nangona ingxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu kunye nembalela yePanama Canal ikhokelele kutshintsho kwiindlela zorhwebo lweenqanawa kunye nohambo olude, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya zonyuse umthamo wokuhlangabezana nemingeni, amaqela amaninzi eengcinga kunye neenkampani zeenqwelo-moya zamazwe ngamazwe ngokubanzi zivumelana ukuba iingxabano zezopolitiko kunye neemeko zemozulu ziya kunceda ukuxhasa amazinga empahla, kodwa aziyi kuba nefuthe lexesha elide kumaxabiso empahla.
Ukujonga phambili, ishishini lokuthutha impahla liya kujongana nemingeni emitsha kunye namathuba amatsha. Ngenxa yendlela yokunyusa ubungakanani beenqanawa, ukhuphiswano kunye nobudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kweenkampani zokuthutha impahla buya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Ngesibhengezo sokuba iMaersk kunye neHapag-Lloyd baza kuseka umanyano olutsha, iGemini, ngoFebruwari 2025, umjikelo omtsha wokhuphiswano kwishishini lokuthutha impahla uqalile. Oku kuzise izinto ezintsha eziguquguqukayo kwindlela yokunyuka kwamaxabiso empahla, kodwa kwakhona kuvumela imakethi ukuba ijonge phambili kwikamva lemimangaliso yokuthutha impahla.
Umthombo: Inethiwekhi yoThutho
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-19-2024