Ngomhla we-11 kweyoMqungu, uhlelo lwe-9 lwe-Economic Daily lubike ngeHubei, kwaye lwaqalisa inqaku elithi “Ukuvuselela iiShishini zemveli ezinenzuzo – iHubei yenza uphando malunga nokudluliselwa kweShishini leempahla kunye neempahla elunxwemeni”. Gxila kwiHubei ukuze ibambe iphethini entsha yophuhliso kunye neshishini leempahla kunye neempahla elunxwemeni ukuze idlulisele amathuba kwimimandla esembindini nasentshona, kwaye ikhuthaze ngamandla ishishini lokuvelisa iimpahla ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu, elikrelekrele, neliluhlaza. Nantsi itekisi epheleleyo:
Ishishini lempahla ngelaphu lishishini elisisiseko elinxulumene nobomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Njengeshishini lemveli elinenzuzo, ishishini lempahla ngelaphu laseHubei linembali ende, isiseko esiqinileyo kunye neempawu ezahlukileyo, kodwa uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso nalo luye lwadlula kwixesha eliphantsi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokutshintshelwa kwamashishini empahla ngelaphu elunxwemeni ukuya kwilizwekazi, iHubei ingenise amathuba amatsha okuvuselela ishishini lempahla ngelaphu. Ngaba iHubei ingalibamba eli nqanaba leendlela ezintsha namathuba?
Ngenxa yotshintsho nokuvulwa, ishishini lempahla ngelaphu liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezikunxweme ezifana neGuangdong, Fujian kunye neZhejiang. Ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980, abantu baseHubei baye beza kwiindawo ezikunxweme ukuze bazinikele kushishino lwempahla, kwaye emva kwezizukulwana ezininzi zokuqokelelana, baye baphuma kwihlabathi labo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, echatshazelwe zizinto ezifana nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngelaphu, iindleko zabasebenzi, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwemigaqo-nkqubo yemizi-mveliso, amashishini amaninzi eempahla zelaphu kunye neempahla aselunxwemeni aye afudukela kwilizwekazi. Kwangaxeshanye, inani elikhulu labasebenzi bemizi-mveliso baseHubei babuyele eHubei, nto leyo ebanika ithuba "loshishino lwesibini" lwemizi-mveliso yeempahla yaseHubei. IHubei ibeka phambili imeko yengqesho yabantu ababuyela eHubei, yabeka phambili isicwangciso sokuvuselela ishishini leempahla zelaphu kunye neempahla eHubei, yacwangcisa yaza yakha inani leepaki zelaphu kunye neempahla kunye neendawo zokuqokelela, kwaye yaqalisa inani elikhulu lamashishini emveliso yeempahla zelaphu kunye neempahla asuka kwiindawo ezikunxweme.
Baqhuba njani aba bafuduki? Liyintoni ithemba lophuhliso lwekamva leshishini lempahla kunye nelempahla laseHubei? Iintatheli zeza eJingmen, eJingzhou, eTianmen, eXiantao, eQianjiang nakwezinye iindawo ukuze zihlole ukuvuselelwa kweshishini lempahla kunye nelempahla laseHubei.
Ukwenza ukudluliselwa kokuzithemba
Xa sithetha ngokusesikweni, xa kuthelekiswa namaphondo aselunxwemeni, kukho iziphene kuphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yelaphu neempahla eHubei. Ngokuphathelele abasebenzi, ingeniso ephezulu yamaphondo aselunxwemeni inomtsalane ngakumbi kubasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukhuphiswano olucacileyo lwetalente neHubei; Ngokuphathelele uthotho lwemizi-mveliso, nangona imveliso yemisonto nelaphu eHubei iphambili kweli lizwe, kukho ukunqongophala kwamashishini okucubungula izinto ezifana nokuprinta nokudaya nokubonelela ngamashishini afana nezixhobo zomphezulu, ingakumbi ukunqongophala kwamashishini amakhulu, kwaye uthotho lwemizi-mveliso alukagqitywa. Ngokuphathelele indawo kunye nemarike, iindawo zaselunxwemeni ezifana neGuangdong kunye neFujian zineengenelo ezingaphezulu zokuthelekisa kurhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida kunye nezinye iindawo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho neenzuzo ezininzi ekuphuhlisweni kweshishini lempahla ngelaphu neleempahla eHubei. Ngokwembono yesiseko semizi-mveliso, ishishini lempahla lelona shishini linenzuzo yendabuko eHubei, elinenkqubo epheleleyo kunye neendidi ezipheleleyo. IWuhan ibisoloko iliziko elikhulu leshishini lempahla ngelaphu kuMbindi weTshayina. Ngokwembono yophawu, ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kunye noo-1990, iHanzheng Street njengendawo yokuzalwa, iqela leempawu zempahla zesitayile saseHan ezifana neAidi, abantu abaBomvu, kunye nabantu baseCat baduma kweli lizwe, bemi nesikolo saseHangzhou kunye nesikolo saseGuangdong, kwaye i-"Qianjiang Tailor" ikwaluphawu lwegolide lweHubei. Ngokwembono yeemeko zendlela, iHubei ikwiziko lejiyometri yesakhiwo sedayimani yezoqoqosho saseTshayina, uMlambo iYangtze udlula, imigca yezothutho empuma-ntshona, emantla-ntshona idibana eWuhan, kwaye i-Ezhou Huahu Airport, isikhululo seenqwelo-moya esikhulu sempahla eAsia, sivuliwe. Ezi nzuzo zisisiseko sophuhliso lweHubei lweshishini lempahla ngelaphu neleempahla.
“Ngokwembono yophuhliso, ukudluliselwa kweshishini leempahla zelaphu neleempahla lukhetho olungenakuphepheka oluhambelana nemithetho yezoqoqosho.” UXie Qing, usekela-mongameli oyintloko we-China Textile Industry Enterprise Management Association, uthe namhlanje, iindleko zomhlaba nabasebenzi kwiindawo ezikunxweme lolwandle zinyuke kakhulu kunangaphambili, kwaye uphuhliso lweshishini leempahla zelaphu neleempahla laseHubei lunembali ende kwaye lunesiseko sokwenza ukudluliselwa kwemizi-mveliso.
Okwangoku, ishishini lokuvelisa iimpahla lisiya kwinqanaba eliphezulu, elikrelekrele neliluhlaza, iimarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ziye zatshintsha kakhulu, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwemveliso kunye nemarike yokuthengisa yeshishini lempahla kunye nelempahla laseTshayina nalo litshintshile. Ishishini lempahla kunye nelempahla laseHubei lisabela ngokukhutheleyo kutshintsho olukwimarike, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela emarike eqhuba ngayo ukuze kuvuseleleke amandla.
“Kwixesha elizayo, amathuba oshishino lwempahla zelaphu neleempahla eHubei angaphezulu kwemingeni.” USheng Yuechun, usekela-rhuluneli wePhondo laseHubei kunye nelungu leqela eliphambili leQela, uthe iHubei idwelise ishishini lempahla zelaphu njengenye yeenkampani ezisithoba ezisakhulayo zoshishino. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ngo-2022, ishishini lempahla zelaphu neleempahla eHubei linamashishini ayi-1,651 aphantsi komthetho, afikelela kwingeniso yeshishini eyi-335.86 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ebekwe kwindawo yesihlanu kwilizwe, kwaye edlala indima entle ekuqinisekiseni ukubonelelwa, ukuvuselela imfuno yasekhaya, ukuphucula ingqesho kunye nokwandisa ingeniso.
Kwikota yesine ka-2022, ngenxa yobhubhane we-COVID-19 kunye nokulungiswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yemizi-mveliso eGuangdong, inani elikhulu labasebenzi abanezakhono abavela eHubei babuyela eHubei. Ngokwengxelo ye-garment Fashion Industry Association yeHubei Chamber of Commerce kwiPhondo laseGuangdong, kukho abantu abamalunga nama-300,000 ababandakanyeka ekucutshungulweni kweempahla "kwilali yaseHubei" eGuangdong, kwaye malunga nama-70% abasebenzi babuyela eHubei ngelo xesha. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba ama-60% abantu abangama-300,000 "kwiilali zaseHubei" baya kuhlala eHubei ukuze bafumane umsebenzi.
Ukubuya kwabasebenzi abanezakhono kunika ithuba lokuguqulwa nokuphuculwa kweshishini leempahla laseHubei. KwiPhondo laseHubei, aba basebenzi bafudukayo abangongxaki yengqesho engxamisekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe kuphela, kodwa bakwangamandla asebenzayo okuphucula ishishini. Kule meko, iKomiti yeQela lePhondo laseHubei kunye norhulumente wephondo bayibeka ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye babambe iintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo ezininzi ukuze bafunde amanyathelo okutshintsha ishishini kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini leempahla. USheng Yuechun wakhokela kwaye wongamela imisebenzi emininzi efana nentlanganiso yokuguqulwa kobuchwephesha bempahla kunye neqonga leengcali kwishishini lanamhlanje leempahla ukuze bafumane izimvo, basombulule iingxaki, baguqule ingxaki ibe lithuba, kwaye bazobe isicwangciso sesibini sokuthatha imboni yempahla yaseHubei.
Isikhokelo sokudibanisa ukhuphiswano esahlukileyo
Ukuze kuthathwe kwaye kuthathwe ithuba labasebenzi bemizi-mveliso ababuyela kwidolophu yabo kwaye kukhuthazwe utshintsho olupheleleyo kunye nokuphuculwa kweshishini leempahla, iPhondo laseHubei likhuphe iSicwangciso sokuSebenza seMinyaka emithathu soPhuhliso oluPhezulu lweShishini leempahla zelaphu neleempahla kwiPhondo laseHubei (2023-2025), libonisa indlela yophuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini leempahla zelaphu neleempahla.
“Isicwangciso” sichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuthabatha ipateni entsha yophuhliso kunye nethuba lokuba imboni yempahla kunye neempahla eziselunxwemeni itshintshele kwimimandla esembindini nasentshona, ilandele isikhokelo sesayensi netekhnoloji, imfashini, kunye nophuhliso oluluhlaza, inike ingqalelo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo, iphucule umgangatho, kwaye idale iimpawu, kwaye izame ukulungisa iibhodi ezimfutshane kunye neebhodi ezinde ezenziwe ngazo.
Ekhokelwa yi-"Plan", uHubei wenze izicwangciso ezithile zophuhliso lweshishini leempahla. USheng Yuechun uthe kwelinye icala, zonke iindawo kufuneka zigxile kwiingenelo zoshishino, zenze ukhuthazo oluchanekileyo lotyalo-mali, zikhuthaze utyalo-mali oluhambelanayo, kwaye ziqinise ukuqaliswa kwamashishini aphambili, iimpawu ezaziwayo kunye neefomathi ezintsha zoshishino; Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sikhokele ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha, sizisekele kwinyani, kwaye sisebenzise kwaye siphumeze inani leeprojekthi zokuphucula amashishini, uphando lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, kunye nokuqinisa uthotho lweeprojekthi.
Ukwaziswa kwe-"Plan" ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kongeza omnye umlilo kutshintsho nophuculo lweshishini leempahla kulo lonke ilizwe. Umntu oyintloko ophethe iTianmen City uthe ngokunyanisekileyo: "Ishishini leempahla kunye neempahla lishishini lemveli laseTianmen, kwaye ingqalelo enkulu yeKomiti yeQela lephondo kunye norhulumente wephondo yongeze ukuzithemba kwesenzo esongezelelweyo kwisixeko ngasinye."
Umntu oyintloko ophethe iSebe lezoQoqosho noLwazi laseHubei uthe: “Ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi olungileyo ekubuyiseleni amashishini empahla zelaphu kunye neempahla kwaye kuxhaswe uphuhliso olusemgangathweni kwishishini lempahla, iJingzhou, iTianmen, iXiantao, iQianjiang kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi ziye zazisa imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa ezinomthamo ophezulu wegolide kunye nokujolisa okuqinileyo.”
Nokuba ivela kuluhlu lweshishini okanye kudidi lwempahla, ishishini lempahla linezahlulo ezahlukeneyo. Ingqwalasela yophuhliso lweshishini lempahla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zePhondo laseHubei yahlukile, kwaye uphuhliso olwahlukileyo lwecandelo lonke kunye neendidi ezininzi kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo zephondo zinokuphepha ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokhuphiswano oluphantsi, zikhuthaze indlela yokwahluka kunye nentsebenziswano, kwaye indawo nganye mayibe "nesikhundla sayo esiphambili".
IWuhan, njengekomkhulu lephondo, inandipha ukuthuthwa okulula, inani elikhulu leetalente, kunye neenzuzo ezibalaseleyo kuyilo lweempahla, urhwebo lwezinto ezithengiswayo, uphando lwesayensi kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha. UWang Yuancheng, ilungu leQela lobuNkokheli beQela kunye nosekela-sodolophu woRhulumente wabantu baseWuhan Municipal, uthe: “IWuhan iqinisa intsebenziswano neHuazhong University of Science and Technology, iWuhan Textile University kunye nezinye izakhono zobungcali kuyilo lweemveliso, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso. Ngokuhlakulela iindawo ezintsha zokukhula, siza kusebenza nzima kuphando nophuhliso lweempahla ezisebenzayo, iimpahla ezintsha kunye neempahla zorhwebo ukuphucula ukukhuphisana kweempahla zelaphu kunye neempahla.”
Isiseko seHankou North Clothing City Phase II secandelo lokuhambisa impahla live yeyona ndawo inkulu yokuhlanganisana kwecandelo lokuhambisa impahla laseHan kuMbindi weTshayina. UCao Tianbin, umongameli weHankou North Group, uxele ukuba isiseko okwangoku sinamashishini eempahla ali-143, kuquka abathengisi becandelo lokuhambisa impahla abangama-33, abathengisi be-e-commerce abangama-30, amashishini ama-2 e-commerce anqumla imida, kunye namaqela osasazo olubukhoma angama-78.
– EJingzhou, impahla yabantwana iye yaba yindawo ebalulekileyo kushishino lwempahla lwasekuhlaleni. KwiNgqungquthela yoPhuhliso lweCandelo leeMpahla nezeeMpahla yaseTshayina ka-2023 eyayibanjelwe eJingzhou, kwasayinwa iiprojekthi zelaphu nezeempahla ezingaphezulu kwe-5.2 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, kunye notyalo-mali oluvunyelweneyo olumalunga ne-37 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. IJingzhou ikwadlale iingenelo zayo zemveli kwicandelo leempahla zosana nezabantwana ukuze idale idolophu yegolide yobuntwana.
– “Qianjiang Tailor” yenye yezona mpawu zilishumi ziphambili zenkonzo yabasebenzi eTshayina. Ngokuphathelele ukucubungula impahla, amashishini emveliso aseQianjiang asebenzisane neemveliso ezininzi zempahla; ushishino lweebhulukhwe zabasetyhini lwaseXiantao olukhokela ilizwe, idolophu edumileyo yaseTshayina yeebhulukhwe zabasetyhini yaseMaozui ikwindawo apha; iTianmen inethemba lokukhula ngakumbi kwicandelo le-e-commerce, kwaye iseke uphawu lwempahla lwengingqi “iTianmen clothing”…
Indibaniselwano yamanyathelo okunciphisa iindleko
Le paki yindawo ebonakalayo yokudlulisela amashishini, enokuqokelela amashishini anxulumeneyo kulo mmandla kwaye enze iingenelo ezinkulu. "Isicwangciso" sicebisa ukukhokela oorhulumente basekhaya ukuba bagxile kwiingenelo kunye neempawu zoshishino, bacebe ukwakha iipaki eziphambili, kwaye baphucule amandla okwenza loo msebenzi. Phakathi kwazo, iXiantao, iTianmen, iJingmen, iXiaogan kunye nezinye imboni yempahla yaseGuangdong.
KwiXiantao City Maozui Town clothes industrial Park, umgca wemveliso okrelekrele we-workshop yemveliso uqhubeka ngendlela ehlelekileyo. Kwisikrini sekhompyutha, imveliso yeentlobo ngeentlobo zeempahla kumgca wendibano irekhodwa ngokweenkcukacha. “Le paki igubungela indawo ye-5,000 mu, kunye neefektri ezingaphezulu kwe-1.8 yezigidi zeemitha zesikwere kunye namashishini amalunga nama-400 anxulumene neempahla,” utshilo unobhala weqela ledolophu yaseMaozui uLiu Taoyong.
Ukubalwa kweendleko zemveliso yeyona nto iphambili ekusindeni kwamashishini. Imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhetha kuqala, ukunciphisa ngempumelelo iindleko zemveliso zamashishini, yindlela ebalulekileyo koorhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba eHubei yokutsala amashishini empahla ukuba abuyele esiqhelweni.
Ixabiso lomhlaba yeyona nto iphambili ekubalwa kweendleko zemveliso yamashishini, ixabiso lomhlaba eliphantsi kakhulu lilungelo elikhulu leHubei xa lithelekiswa namaphondo aphuhlileyo aselunxwemeni. Ukuze kuxhaswe ngakumbi uphuhliso lwamashishini afudukayo kwinqanaba lokuqala loshishino, ukuphunyezwa kukarhulumente kokunciphisa irenti kumashishini ahlala kwiindawo zoshishino phantse “yinto ebalulekileyo” kwimigaqo-nkqubo eqaliswe kulo lonke ilizwe.
“UXiantao ujonga ishishini lempahla njengeshishini eliphambili.” IXiantao City, umntu ophambili ophetheyo uthe iXiantao City iya kuhlangabezana neemeko zamashishini emveliso yempahla, ngokobungakanani benkxaso-mali yerenti yonyaka yeshishini kangangeminyaka emi-3.
Imigaqo-nkqubo efanayo ifika eQianjiang, intloko ye-Qianjiang Zhonglun Shangge clothing manufacturing Co., LTD., uxelele iintatheli wathi: “Okwangoku, inkampani eqeshe umzi-mveliso inezibonelelo, ukufuduswa kwamashishini nako kunemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo, ngoko ke ‘ekhaya’ kwaye akuchithanga mali ingako.”
Iindleko zempahla ezithengiswayo azinakubethwa ngoyaba. Ekubeni bekungekho siphumo sobukhulu ngaphambili, iindleko zempahla zaziyingxaki ekufuneka amashishini empahla eHubei agxile kuyo. Ungazinciphisa njani iindleko zempahla eHubei? Kwelinye icala, qokelela amashishini emveliso ukuze anike iinkampani zempahla lula ukuqokelela ngokukhawuleza iipakethe ezikhawulezayo nokusasaza izixhobo; Kwelinye icala, ukubeka amashishini empahla ezithengiswayo echwebeni ukuze kubonelelwe ngemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezibonelelo lula kumashishini.
Urhulumente wenze imizamo emikhulu kwiingxoxo neenkampani zothutho. Umntu oyintloko ophethe iTianmen City wabala iakhawunti kwintatheli: “Ngaphambili, amashishini empahla eTianmen ayexabisa ngaphezulu kwe-2 yuan, ngaphezulu kuneGuangdong.” Emva kweengxoxo zenyathelo ngenyathelo, iindleko zothutho zeTianmen ziye zehliswa ngesiqingatha, ngaphantsi nangakumbi kunexabiso leyunithi yezothutho eGuangdong.”
Ukuze kuphunyezwe imigaqo-nkqubo, ukuphunyezwa yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Umntu oyintloko ophethe iSebe lezoQoqosho noLwazi laseHubei uthe iHubei isebenzise ngokunzulu indlela yokusebenza "yobude betyathanga + ityathanga eliphambili + ukudala ityathanga" kwaye yenza izicwangciso ezipheleleyo zokukhuthaza uphuhliso olusemgangathweni kwishishini lempahla. IHubei yakhe kwaye yakha inkqubo yokunyusa ekhokelwa ziinkokeli zephondo, eququzelelwa ngamasebe ephondo, exhaswa ngamaqela eengcali, kwaye iphunyezwe ngamaqela omsebenzi akhethekileyo. Udidi lomsebenzi olukhethekileyo lukhokelwa liSebe lezoQoqosho noLwazi lePhondo laseHubei, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwamasebe amaninzi ukulungelelanisa nokusombulula iingxaki ezinkulu kuphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. Utshintsho kunye nokuphuculwa kweshishini lempahla kuyachuma eJingchu.
Imigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo kumashishini
Amashishini ngawona mzimba uphambili wemisebenzi yemveliso kunye nokusebenza, kwaye ngawona mandla matsha okuguqula nokuphucula ishishini leempahla laseHubei. Emva kweminyaka emininzi yomzabalazo ngaphandle, uninzi lwabaqhubi bempahla baseHubei banomdla wokubuyela kwidolophu yabo kunye nokukwazi ukuphuhlisa idolophu yabo.
ULiu Jianyong ngumntu ophethe iTianmen Yuezi Clothing Co., LTD., osebenze nzima eGuangdong iminyaka emininzi waza wakha isityalo sakhe sokuvelisa. NgoMatshi 2021, uLiu Jianyong wabuyela kwidolophu yakowabo eTianmen waza waseka iYue Zi Clothing Company.
“Imeko-bume ekhaya ingcono.” Imeko-bume ekhankanyiweyo nguLiu Jianyong, kwelinye icala, ibhekisa kwimeko-bume yemigaqo-nkqubo, kwaye uthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo yenza uLiu Jianyong akhululeke ngakumbi; Kwelinye icala, isiseko seshishini leempahla likaTianmen silungile.
Iinkokheli ezininzi zoshishino zithe imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhetha abantu ibalulekile ekutsaleni abantu ukuba babuyele emakhaya ukuze baphuhliseke.
IQidian Group ngumvelisi wempahla omeleyo eTianmen, owahlula inxalenye yeshishini lakhe ukusuka eGuangzhou ukuya ekuphuhliseni eTianmen ngo-2021. Okwangoku, iQela liseke inani leenkampani ezinxulumene nemveliso yempahla, ezibandakanya ukubonelela ngezixhobo zomphezulu, imveliso yempahla, ukuthengisa nge-e-commerce kunye nothutho olukhawulezayo.
“Iiodolo bezisoloko zikhutshwa rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kwaye iindleko zokugcina impahla kunye nabasebenzi eGuangzhou ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ilahleko zinkulu.” UFei Wen, intloko yenkampani, uxelele iintatheli, “Kwangaxeshanye, umgaqo-nkqubo weTianmen usishukumisile, kwaye urhulumente ubambe ingqungquthela eGuangzhou ukutsala utyalo-mali kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokukhutheleyo namashishini.” Phakathi “kokutyhala nokutsala”, ukubuyela ekhaya kube lolona khetho lufanelekileyo.
ULiu Gang wabuyela kwidolophu yakowabo ukuze aqalise ishishini ngenye indlela – abantu bendawo kunye nabanye abantu bendawo. Wasebenza eGuangzhou ngo-2002 njengomthungi. “Ndabuyela eQianjiang ndisuka eGuangzhou ngoMeyi 2022, ndisebenza kakhulu kwiiodolo zeqonga le-e-commerce eliwela imida.” Ishishini belilungile ukusukela oko labuya, kwaye iiodolo zizinzile. Ukongeza, kukho imigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo kwidolophu yam, ngoko wandicebisa ukuba ndibuyele ndisebenze kunye.” ULiu Gang uthe emva kokuqonda imeko yophuhliso lwekhaya elincinci elibuyela ekhaya, wathabatha inyathelo lokuthatha eli nyathelo lokubuyela ekhaya.
Ukongeza kwimeko-bume yomgaqo-nkqubo, usapho lukwayinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukubuyela kwabo emakhaya. Uphando lwentatheli lufumanise ukuba phakathi kwababuyileyo, nokuba bangoosomashishini okanye abasebenzi, uninzi lwabo “lusemva kweminyaka engama-80”, ngokuyintloko lukwimeko yokuguga nokuncinci.
ULiu Gang wazalwa ngo-1987, uxelele iintatheli, “Ngoku abantwana basesikolweni samabanga aphantsi, abazali sele bekhulile. Ukubuyela ekhaya kungenxa yezizathu zomsebenzi kwelinye icala, kwaye kukunyamekela abazali nabantwana kwelinye icala.”
Amashishini afana neehansi zasendle, ezimisela indawo yokusebenza kwabasebenzi bemizi-mveliso. ULi Hongxia ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuthunga, oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala ukusuka emazantsi ukuya emantla ukuya kusebenza, ngoku uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. “Emva kwayo yonke le minyaka, andinaxesha lokunyamekela usapho lwam. Amashishini amaninzi eempahla abuyele ukuze andise amathuba emisebenzi kwidolophu yasekhaya, kwaye mna nomyeni wam sixoxe ngokubuyela emsebenzini, kodwa sikwanyamekela abantu abadala nabantwana. Okwangoku, ndifumana malunga ne-10,000 yuan ngenyanga.” utshilo uLi Hongxia.
Iziphumo ziqala ukubonisa amandla amakhulu
Okwangoku, ishishini lempahla zelaphu neleempahla eHubei liyakha kancinci kancinci uthotho lokubonelela kwaye liyila ngokutsha nzulu ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso ngokwendlela yophuhliso "lwesayensi netekhnoloji, imfashini kunye nohlaza", ngaloo ndlela likhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwekhonkco lexabiso kunye nokufezekisa uphuhliso olusemgangathweni ophezulu lweshishini. Ngokusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo ahlukeneyo omgaqo-nkqubo, ishishini lempahla zelaphu neleempahla eHubei libonise utshintsho oluhle.
Umgangatho wokuhlanganiswa kwemizi-mveliso uye waphucuka ngakumbi. Ngokusekelwe ekuqokeleleni kwangaphambili, isiphumo sophuhliso lwe-agglomeration seqela lemizi-mveliso yempahla yaseHubei sicacile. IWuhan, iJingzhou, iTianmen, iXiantao, iQianjiang kunye nezinye iindawo zenze isikali esithile sendawo yokuhlanganiswa kwempahla. Inani lezixeko ezidumileyo zoshishino ezifana neHanchuan, iSixeko esidumileyo sokwenziwa kwempahla saseTshayina, iCenhe Town, idolophu edumileyo yeebhulukhwe zabasetyhini baseTshayina, iMaozui Town, kunye neTianmen City, isiseko seMiboniso yoshishino lwempahla e-e-commerce eTshayina.
ETianmen, isiseko se-e-commerce semveliso yeempahla zehashe elimhlophe siyakhiwa. UWang Zhonghua, usihlalo weBaima Group, uthe: “Okwangoku, ukuqeshisa nokuthengisa izityalo zenkampani kulungile, kwaye uninzi lwazo sele zithengisiwe.”
Ukuze kuqhutywe intsebenziswano ephezulu nesezantsi kunye neyangaphambili kuphuhliso lweshishini leempahla laseHubei, kuxhomekeke kwiingenelo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kunye neengenelo zetalente, iHubei Huafeng Supply Chain Company kunye neenkampani ezingaphantsi ezilithoba eHuangshi, eJingzhou, eHuanggang, eXiantao, eQianjiang, eTianmen nakwezinye iindawo sele zimiselwe. UQi Zhiping, usihlalo weHubei Huafeng Supply Chain Co., Ltd. uzise oku: “IHuafeng chain iyaqhubeka nokwenza imizamo yokuguqula nokuphucula inkqubo yedijithali ekrelekrele yeefektri zemveli, iphonononge ukusetyenziswa okutsha kweemeko zedijithali, iphucule inqanaba lolawulo lwexesha langempela leqonga ledatha yeshishini, kunye nokuphucula amandla okusetyenziswa kwedijithali kwishishini leempahla kunye neempahla laseHubei.”
Uphuhliso luye lwaba yimpembelelo ephambili kuphuhliso. IYunivesithi ye-Wuhan Textile yeyona yunivesithi iqhelekileyo eTshayina ebizwa ngegama lempahla, eneempawu ezahlukileyo zoshishino lwempahla, kwaye ineqela lamaziko ophando nophuhliso lwesizwe afana ne-State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials kunye ne-Advanced Processing Technology eyakhiwe ngokudibeneyo ngamasebe ephondo nabaphathiswa. Ixhomekeke kwizixhobo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, iYunivesithi ye-Wuhan Textile idlala indima yamaziko "okudala ikhonkco", ikhuthaza ukufika kobuchule besayensi netekhnoloji, kwaye ikhonza uphuhliso olusemgangathweni ophezulu lweshishini lempahla. "Kwinyathelo elilandelayo, iYunivesithi ye-Wuhan Textile iya kwenza uphando oludibeneyo nolusebenzisanayo kwiiteknoloji eziphambili eziqhelekileyo kunye namashishini afanelekileyo ukukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuguqulwa nokusetyenziswa kwempumelelo yesayensi netekhnoloji." UFeng Jun, usekela-mongameli weYunivesithi ye-Wuhan Textile.
Kakade ke, ukutshintshwa kwemizi-mveliso akuyi kuba lula, kwaye kusekho iingxaki ezininzi ezivavanya ubulumko, inkalipho kunye nokunyamezela koorhulumente kunye namashishini kuwo onke amanqanaba eHubei.
Ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi yingxaki ekhawulezileyo. Ukhuphiswano lwabasebenzi abavela kwiindawo ezikunxweme alukabi yinto engathandekiyo. “Sinee-odolo, kodwa asinawo amandla.” Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lee-odolo, ubunzima bokuqesha abasebenzi benza uXie Wenshuang, umntu ophetheyo ekukhokheleni ukwenziwa kobulumko eShang, abe yintloko ebuhlungu. Njengegosa likarhulumente eliphantsi, usodolophu weXiantao City Sanfutan Town uLiu Zhengchuan uyaqonda eyona mfuneko ingxamisekileyo yamashishini, “ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi yingxaki ebonakaliswa ngokubanzi ngamashishini, esizama ukuyisombulula.” ULiu Zhengchuan uqeshe iibhasi ezingama-60 kwisixeko nakwisithili esilandelayo ukuze “aphange” abantu, “kodwa oku akusosisombululo sexesha elide, akulunganga kuphuhliso oludibeneyo lweshishini, inyathelo lethu elilandelayo kukuya kumaphondo angaselunxwemeni, siphucule umxholo wegolide wemisebenzi kwiphondo.”
Ukwakhiwa kwebhrendi kusebenza ixesha elide. Xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezikunxweme, iHubei ayinazo iimpawu zempahla ezizimeleyo ezivakalayo, kwaye inqanaba lemizi-mveliso liphantsi. Amashishini amaninzi aziwayo okulungisa iimpahla zasekhaya eHubei, eXiantao, umzekelo, imveliso kunye nokucubungula iimpahla ngoku kuseza kuthatha ii-odolo ze-OEM, ngaphezulu kwama-80% amashishini awanalo uphawu lwentengiso, uphawu olukhoyo luncinci, lusasazekile, lunezinto ezahlukeneyo. “Umgangatho weempahla ezenziwe eQianjiang ulungile, kwaye asingobantu bambi kubuchwepheshe, kodwa ukwakha uphawu olubonakalayo yinkqubo yexesha elide,” utshilo uLiu Sen, unobhala-jikelele weQianjiang Textile Industry Association.
Ukongeza, ezinye iingenelo ezithelekiswayo zeendawo ezikunxweme nazo ziibhodi ezimfutshane ekufuneka iHubei izilungise. Enye inkcukacha enokutyhila imeko yokulinda nokubona kwabarhwebi malunga nophuhliso lweshishini leempahla kwidolophu yabo kukuba iinkampani ezininzi azirhoxi ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezikunxweme, kodwa zigcina iifektri zazo kunye nabasebenzi apho.
Kunzima ukudlula ipasi, kwaye indlela engaphambili inde. Utshintsho nokuphuculwa kweshishini leempahla eHubei kuyaqhubeka, logama nje iingxaki ezingentla zisonjululwe, kuya kubakho iimpahla ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwilizwe nakwihlabathi liphela.
Imithombo: I-Economic Daily, Ulwazi lweShishini laseHubei, iNethiwekhi
Ixesha leposi: Jan-22-2024