Ekubeni uthuli lwaphela emva konyulo lwaseMelika, irhafu yokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe yenye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kubantu abaninzi abathengisa impahla.
Ngokutsho kweBloomberg News, amalungu eqela likaMongameli omtsha waseMelika kutshanje athe kudliwanondlebe ngefowuni ukuba aza kubeka irhafu efanayo neyaseTshayina kuyo nayiphi na impahla edlula kwizibuko laseQiankai.
I-Qiankai Port, igama abantu abaninzi abangaziqhelanga, kutheni abantu bekwazi ukulwa kangaka? Luhlobo luni lwamathuba oshishino akhoyo kwimarike yempahla emva kwesi sikhululo?
Izibuko laseChankai
Ifumaneka kunxweme lwePasifiki olusentshona yePeru, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80 ukusuka kwikomkhulu iLima, izibuko lizibuko lendalo elinamanzi anzulu elinobunzulu obuphezulu obuziimitha ezili-17.8 kwaye linokuthwala iinqanawa ezinkulu kakhulu zeekhonteyina.
Izibuko iQiankai linye leeprojekthi ezibalulekileyo zeBelt and Road Initiative eLatin America. Lilawulwa kwaye liphuhliswa ngamashishini aseTshayina. Isigaba sokuqala sale projekthi saqala ngo-2021. Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe mithathu yokwakhiwa, izibuko iQiankai liqalile ukubonakala, kuquka neendawo ezine zokubeka iinqanawa, ezinobunzulu bamanzi obuziimitha ezili-17.8, kwaye zinokubeka iinqanawa ze-TEU ezinkulu ezili-18,000. Umthamo wokuphatha oyilwe yi-1 yezigidi ngonyaka kwixesha elizayo kunye ne-1.5 yezigidi zeeTEU kwixesha elide.
Ngokwesicwangciso, emva kokugqitywa kwezibuko laseQiankai liza kuba lizibuko elibalulekileyo eLatin America kwaye libe “lisango loMzantsi Melika eliya eAsia.”
Ukusebenza kwezibuko laseChankai kuza kunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuthuthwa kweempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eMzantsi Melika ukuya kwimarike yaseAsia ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-25, nto leyo eza kunciphisa iindleko zothutho. Kulindeleke ukuba kuzise ingeniso yonyaka ye-$4.5 yeebhiliyoni ePeru kwaye kudale imisebenzi ethe ngqo engaphezulu kwama-8,000.
IPeru inemarike enkulu yempahla zelaphu
KwiPeru nakwamanye amazwe aseMzantsi Melika angabamelwane, ukubaluleka kwezibuko elitsha lamanzi anzulu ePacific kukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumazibuko aseMexico okanye eCalifornia kunye nokuthumela iimpahla ngokuthe ngqo kumazwe aseAsia-Pacific.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ePeru yiTshayina kuye kwanda ngokukhawuleza.
Kwiinyanga ezili-10 zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla ePeru yiTshayina kufikelele kwi-254.69 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ukonyuka kwe-16.8% (okufanayo ngezantsi). Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kweemoto kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyutha kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya kunyuke nge-8.7%, 29.1%, 29.3% kunye ne-34.7%, ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwangelo xesha linye, ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso zeLoumi ePeru bekuyi-16.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ukonyuka kwe-8.3%, okubalelwa kwi-20.5%. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kweempahla zelaphu kunye neempahla kunye neemveliso zeplastiki kunyuke nge-9.1% kunye ne-14.3%, ngokwahlukeneyo.
IPeru ityebile kwi-copper ore, i-lithium ore kunye nezinye izibonelelo zezimbiwa, kwaye kukho impembelelo enamandla ehambelanayo neshishini lemveliso laseTshayina, ukusekwa kwechweba laseQiankai kunokudlala ngcono le nzuzo ehambelanayo, kuzise ingeniso engaphezulu kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kwandise inqanaba loqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni kunye namandla okusebenzisa, kodwa kwanokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemveliso yaseTshayina ukuvula intengiso engaphezulu, ukufezekisa imeko yokuphumelela kwabo bonke.
Ukutya, impahla, indawo yokuhlala kunye nezothutho njengeemfuno ezisisiseko zabantu, uphuhliso loqoqosho lwengingqi, abemi basekuhlaleni ngokwendalo abayi kuswela umnqweno wempahla esemgangathweni, ngoko ke ukusekwa kwezibuko laseQiankai kukwalithuba elikhulu kwishishini lempahla elakhiweyo laseTshayina.
Intengiso yaseMzantsi Melika
Ukhuphiswano lwanamhlanje lwemarike yelaphu lungene kwiqondo eliphantsi, ukongeza ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kwamandla emveliso, kukho esinye isizathu kukuba ukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi kuyancipha, ukwanda kwemfuno kuncinci, wonke umntu ukhuphisana kwimarike yesitokhwe, emva koko ukuvula iimarike ezisakhulayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukwakhiwa okudibeneyo kwe-"Belt and Road" kufezekise iziphumo ezininzi ngakumbi, kwicandelo lempahla yokunxiba, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eTshayina minyaka le kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kuMbindi Mpuma nakwezinye iimarike ezisakhulayo kukhule ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uMzantsi Melika usenokuba "lulwandle oluluhlaza" olulandelayo.
UMzantsi Melika ungangeekhilomitha ezingama-7,500 ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, ugubungela ummandla weekhilomitha ezili-17.97 lezigidi, uquka amazwe ali-12 kunye nommandla omnye, unabemi abazizigidi ezingama-442, unemithombo yendalo etyebileyo, kwaye kukho izinto ezininzi ezihambelanayo neshishini laseTshayina kunye neemfuno. Umzekelo, kulo nyaka, iTshayina ingenise inyama yenkomo eninzi evela eArgentina, nto leyo eyatyebisa kakhulu itafile yokutyela yabemi, kwaye iTshayina nayo kufuneka ingenise inani elikhulu leembotyi zesoya kunye ne-iron ore ezivela eBrazil minyaka le, kwaye iTshayina ikwabonelela ngenani elikhulu leemveliso zoshishino kubantu basekuhlaleni. Ngaphambili, ezi ntengiselwano zazifuna ukugqitha kwiPanama Canal, eyayithatha ixesha kwaye ibiza kakhulu. Ngokusekwa kweQiankai Port, inkqubo yokudibanisa iimoto kule marike nayo iyakhawuleza.
Urhulumente waseBrazil ubhengeze ukuba uceba ukutyala imali emalunga ne-4.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi (malunga ne-$776 yezigidi) ukukhuthaza isicwangciso sokudibanisa uMzantsi Melika, esiya kusetyenziselwa ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwenxalenye yasekhaya yeprojekthi kaloliwe we-Ocean ezimbini. Esi sicwangciso sigxile kwiiprojekthi zothutho lweendlela nolwemanzi kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa siquka iiprojekthi zikaloliwe kwixesha elide, kwaye iBrazil ithi ifuna ubudlelwane ukwakha oololiwe abatsha. Okwangoku, iBrazil ingangena ePeru ngamanzi kwaye ithumele ngaphandle ngezibuko laseCiancay. Uloliwe waseLiangyang udibanisa iiLwandlekazi zePasifiki neAtlantic, ubude bawo bumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-6,500 kunye notyalo-mali lokuqala olumalunga ne-80 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zaseMelika. Lo mgca uqala kwizibuko lasePeru laseCiancay, udlule kumantla-mpuma udlule ePeru, eBolivia naseBrazil, kwaye uqhagamshelane nololiwe ocwangcisiweyo waseMpuma-Ntshona eBrazil, kwaye uphela empuma ePuerto Ileus kunxweme lweAtlantiki.
Nje ukuba lo mgca uvulwe, kwixesha elizayo, imakethi enkulu eMzantsi Melika iya kukwazi ukusasazeka embindini weChankai Port, ivule ucango lwempahla zelaphu yaseTshayina, kwaye uqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni lunokungenisa uphuhliso ngalo moya wasempuma, kwaye ekugqibeleni lube yimeko ephumelela kumacala omabini.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-09-2024