I-US Chinese Network ibike ukuba ngoLwesihlanu, iWhite House iwuphelisile ngokusesikweni ukukhululwa kwirhafu "encinci" kwiimpahla zaseTshayina ezithengiswayo ezixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-$800, nto leyo ephawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo kurhulumente kaTrump kumgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo. Olu hlengahlengiso lubuyisela umyalelo olawulayo owasayinwa nguMongameli uTrump ngoFebruwari kulo nyaka. Ngelo xesha, wahlehliswa ngenxa yokungabikho kweenkqubo zokuhlola ezifanelekileyo, nto leyo eyabangela imeko engaqhelekanga apho izigidi zeepakeji zaziqokelelene kwindawo yemithwalo yesikhululo seenqwelo-moya.
Ngokwezikhokelo zamva nje ezikhutshwe yi-US Customs and Border Protection (CBP), iipakeji ezithunyelwa ezivela kwilizwekazi laseTshayina naseHong Kong, eTshayina, ziya kuhlawuliswa irhafu yesohlwayo ye-145% ngokufanayo, kunye neerhafu ezikhoyo. Iimveliso ezimbalwa ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo azifani. Ezi mpahla ziya kuphathwa ikakhulu ziinkampani zokuhambisa impahla ngokukhawuleza ezifana neFedEx, i-UPS okanye i-DHL, ezinezixhobo zazo zokuphatha imithwalo.
Iimpahla ezithunyelwa zivela eTshayina ngenkqubo yeposi kwaye ezixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-800 yeedola zaseMelika ziya kujongana neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphatha. Okwangoku, kufuneka kuhlawulwe irhafu ye-120% yexabiso lephakheji, okanye kuhlawuliswe umrhumo omiselweyo we-100 yeedola zaseMelika ngephakheji nganye. NgoJuni, le ntlawulo emiselweyo iya kunyuka iye kwi-200 yeedola zaseMelika.
Isithethi se-CBP sithe nangona le arhente “ijongene nomsebenzi onzima”, ikulungele ukuphumeza umyalelo wolawulo lukamongameli. La manyathelo matsha awayi kuchaphazela ixesha lokukhululwa kwerhafu kubakhweli abaqhelekileyo njengoko iipakeji ezifanelekileyo ziphathwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwindawo yemithwalo yesikhululo seenqwelo-moya.
Olu tshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo lubangela umngeni omkhulu kumaqonga e-e-commerce aphesheya kwemida, ingakumbi abathengisi baseTshayina abakwi-intanethi abafana noShein noTemu abagxila kumaqhinga aphantsi. Ngaphambili babexhomekeke kakhulu ekukhululweni "komda omncinci" ukuze baphephe irhafu, kwaye ngoku baza kujongana noxinzelelo olukhulu lwerhafu okokuqala. Ngokohlalutyo, ukuba yonke imithwalo yerhafu idluliselwa kubathengi, ixabiso le-T-shirt ekuqaleni lalixabisa i-$10 Meyi linyuke liye kwi-$22, kwaye iseti yeesutikheyisi ezixabisa i-$200 Meyi linyuke liye kwi-$300. Ityala elibonelelwe yiBloomberg libonisa ukuba itawuli yokucoca ikhitshi eShein inyuke ukusuka kwi-$1.28 ukuya kwi-$6.10, ukunyuka okuya kuthi ga kwi-377%.
Kubikwa ukuba ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha, iTemu igqibile ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yayo yeqonga kwiintsuku zamva nje, kwaye ujongano lokubonisa imveliso lutshintshelwe ngokupheleleyo kwindlela yokubonisa ephambili kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla zasekuhlaleni. Okwangoku, zonke iimveliso zeposi ezithe ngqo ezivela eTshayina ziphawulwe "njengezingekho kwisitokhwe okwethutyana".
Isithethi seTemu siqinisekisile kwi-CNBC ukuba njengenxalenye yemizamo yenkampani yokuphucula amanqanaba eenkonzo, zonke iintengiso zayo eMelika ngoku ziphathwa ngabathengisi basekuhlaleni kwaye zigqitywa "ngaphakathi".
Isithethi sithe, “UTemu ebesoloko eqesha abathengisi baseMelika ukuba bajoyine eli qonga. Eli nyathelo lijolise ekuncedeni abathengisi basekuhlaleni ukuba batsale abathengi abaninzi kwaye baphuhlise amashishini abo.”
Nangona ukunyuka kweerhafu kusenokungabonakali kwangoko kwidatha esemthethweni yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, iingcali zezoqoqosho zilumkisa ukuba imizi yaseMelika iya kuziva impembelelo ngokuthe ngqo. Ingcali yezoqoqosho yase-Ubs uPaul Donovan uthe: “Iirhafu ngokwenene luhlobo lwerhafu yokusebenzisa, ethwalwa ngabathengi baseMelika endaweni yabathumela kwamanye amazwe.”
Olu tshintsho lukwabangela imingeni kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla kwihlabathi liphela. UKate Muth, umlawuli oyintloko we-International Postal Advisory Group (IMAG), uthe: “Asikakulungeli ngokupheleleyo ukujongana nolu tshintsho, ingakumbi kwiinkalo ezifana nendlela yokuchonga ‘imvelaphi yaseTshayina’, apho kusekho iinkcukacha ezininzi ekufuneka zicaciswe.” Ababoneleli ngezothutho baxhalabile kukuba ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamandla okuhlola, kuya kubakho imiqobo. Abanye abahlalutyi baqikelela ukuba umthamo wemithwalo emincinci ethunyelwa esuka e-Asia ukuya e-United States uza kwehla nge-75%.
Ngokwedatha evela kwi-US Census Bureau, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zowama-2024, ixabiso lilonke leempahla ezinexabiso eliphantsi ezingeniswe eTshayina lifikelele kwi-5.1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zaseMelika, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona didi lwesixhenxe ngobukhulu lweempahla ezingeniswe yi-United States zivela eTshayina, lwesibini emva kweekhonsoli zemidlalo yevidiyo kwaye luphezulu kancinci kuneemonitha zekhompyutha.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-CBP ikwahlengahlengise umgaqo-nkqubo, ivumela iimpahla ezivela kwilizwekazi laseTshayina naseHong Kong ezinexabiso elingaphantsi kweedola ezingama-800 zaseMelika, kunye neempahla ezivela kwezinye iindawo ezinexabiso elingaphantsi kweedola ezingama-2,500 zaseMelika, ukuba zilandele iinkqubo zokubhengezwa kwerhafu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubonelela ngeekhowudi zerhafu kunye neenkcazo ezineenkcukacha zeempahla. Eli nyathelo lijolise ekunciphiseni ubunzima bokusebenza kwamashishini okuthutha impahla, kodwa likwabangele impikiswano. ULori Wallach, umlawuli weRethink Trade, umbutho okhuthaza ukucinywa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokuxolelwa, uthe: “Ngaphandle kokucubungula nge-elektroniki okanye iikhowudi ze-HTS zeempahla, inkqubo yerhafu iya kuba nobunzima bokuhlola ngempumelelo kunye nokubeka phambili iimpahla ezinobungozi obuphezulu.”
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-15-2025