Izinga lokukhula kwempahla e-US ngoku liphantsi kakhulu kwimbali, kwaye ikota yokuqala ka-2024 kulindeleke ukuba iqalise ukuphinda izaliseke. I-United States ifikelele kwinqanaba lokuphinda izaliseke, ingakanani indima eqhubayo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla yiTshayina kwamanye amazwe?
UZhou Mi, umphandi kwi-Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation ye-Chinese Ministry of Commerce, ukholelwa ukuba impembelelo yokuphinda kuzaliswe izinto ezithengiswayo e-United States kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle e-China, kwelinye icala, i-United States yonyuse ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya xa kukho ukunyuka koqoqosho, ezinye zezi zinto zithengiswayo zithunyelwa e-China, ezinye zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwekhaya e-United States akuyi kuba nefuthe elinamandla ekuthumeleni impahla kwamanye amazwe e-China. Ngenxa yokuba i-United States ngoku iyahlulahlula imithombo yayo yokubonelela ngempahla, isabelo se-China kwimarike yokungenisa impahla e-United States sisasazeke kwinqanaba elithile. Kwelinye icala, sikwavela ekuhlengahlengisweni kwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso e-United States. Kwinkqubo yophuhliso lweshishini lokuvelisa e-United States, kufuneka kungeniswe izinto eziluhlaza ezingaphezulu kunye neempahla eziphakathi, nto leyo etshintshe imeko yokungenisa iimveliso zokugqibela. I-China yenye yezona mveliso zibalulekileyo zehlabathi zeempahla eziphakathi, kwaye imveliso yase-China inokunceda uphuhliso lwamashishini kunye namashishini afanelekileyo e-United States. Ukongeza, iTshayina inethuba eliphambili lokukhuphisana kwihlabathi liphela kwezinye iimveliso eziluhlaza, kuquka amandla amatsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa ikhabhoni ephantsi, nto leyo eya kubonelela ngendima ebalulekileyo yokuxhasa iMelika ekuzaliseni uluhlu lwayo kunye nokulungisa ulwakhiwo lwayo lwamandla.
UNi Yueju, umphandi kwi-Institute of World Economics and Politics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, uthe impembelelo eqhubayo yokuphinda kubuyiselwe impahla e-US kwimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-China ichatshazelwa linani lempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle ye-China kunye nobukhulu bemfuno ye-US. Ngokwembali, iimveliso ezinesabelo esiphezulu e-China zikhula ngokukhawuleza; Xa amandla okuphinda kubuyiselwe impahla e-US aphezulu, izinga lokukhula eliphakathi lokuthunyelwa kwempahla e-China e-US kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo liphezulu. Nangona isabelo sokuthunyelwa kwempahla e-China kumazwe angaphandle kwe-US sehlile ngenxa yempembelelo yokungqubana korhwebo phakathi kwe-Sino-US, i-China iseseyona nkampani iphambili ezintathu ezithumela impahla e-US. Ukwehla okukhulu kwesabelo sokuthunyelwa kwempahla e-China e-United States kugxile kwiimveliso ezixabisa kakhulu, kwaye iingenelo zemveli zase-China azichaphazeleki kangako, zibala inani eliphezulu, njengemizi-mveliso elula, impahla, iimpahla ezincinci, oomatshini nezixhobo, izixhobo zasekhaya kunye nefenitshala. Kulindeleke ukuba ukutsalwa komjikelo wangoku wokuphinda kubuyiselwe impahla kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ze-China kunokugxininiswa kwikhonkco lezindlu ezifana nezixhobo zasekhaya kunye nefenitshala; isinyithi, oomatshini kunye nezinye ikhonkco lokwakha izakhiwo; Iimpahla, amalaphu kunye nezinye iindawo zonxibelelwano lwabathengi.
ULi Hongbing, uprofesa kwiSikolo sezoQoqosho noLawulo kwiYunivesithi yeZithuba kunye noNxibelelwano yaseBeijing, ukholelwa ukuba xa iMelika ingena kwinqanaba lokuzalisa kwakhona, kwicala lokubonelela, isabelo esiphezulu seemveliso zaseTshayina, izinga lokukhula lidla ngokuba likhulu; kwicala lemfuno, xa ukuphinda kuzaliswe kwakhona kweMelika kunamandla, izinga lokukhula eliphakathi lokuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo eMelika liphezulu. Kwimijikelo emibini edlulileyo yemijikelo yokuzalisa kwakhona eMelika, ixesha lika-2020-2022 ngumjikelo onamandla wokuzalisa kwakhona, izinga lokukhula kokuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezihleliweyo ze-HS zaseTshayina eMelika liyi-5.7%, kwaye ixesha lika-2016-2018 ngumjikelo wokuzalisa kwakhona obuthathaka, kwaye iziko liyi-1.3% kuphela Phantsi komjikelo wokuzalisa kwakhona obuthathaka, kukho umahluko omncinci kwizinga lokukhula kokuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo eTshayina, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya impembelelo kwicala lemfuno.
Isabelo sempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yiTshayina eMelika sehlile, kodwa inani leemveliso ezikhuphisanayo lisaphezulu. Ukususela ngoNovemba ka-2023, isabelo seTshayina sokungenisa impahla eMelika sehle ukusuka kwi-22% ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-14%, ukuya kwinqanaba lika-2006. Sekunjalo, iTshayina yenye yezona nkampani ziphambili zokungenisa impahla eMelika, emva kweMexico neKhanada. Ukungqubana korhwebo phakathi kweTshayina ne-US yeyona nto iphambili yokwehla kwesabelo, kodwa ayinakuchaza konke, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kweTshayina eMelika kwiimveliso ezingezizo zerhafu kusephezulu kakhulu. Emva kowama-2018, iMelika yabeka irhafu eyongezelelweyo kwiTshayina ngeebhetshi ezine, kwaye iimveliso ezinokwehla okukhulu kwesabelo sokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle yiTshayina eMelika zazigxile kwiimveliso eziziirhafu eziphezulu, kwaye iimveliso ezingezizo zerhafu ezithunyelwa eMelika zifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha eliphezulu kwaye azichaphazelekanga kangako. Kwelinye icala, isabelo sempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yiTshayina eMelika sikwanxulumene kakuhle nemfuno yokungenisa impahla evela eMelika, kwaye xa imfuno yokungenisa impahla evela eMelika iphinda ibuyele kwimeko yayo yangaphambili, impahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yiTshayina nayo inokulungiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Iingenelo zokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweTshayina eMelika zigxile kushishino olulula, impahla, iimpahla ezincinci, oomatshini nezixhobo, izixhobo zasekhaya kunye nefenitshala.
Umthombo: Iimpahla zaseTshayina
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-25-2024