Ngomhla we-10 kweyeDwarha (ngexesha lendawo), uMongameli wase-US uTrump ubhengeze umgaqo-nkqubo obalulekileyo: ukususela ngoNovemba 1, kuza kubekwa irhafu eyongezelelweyo ye-100% kuzo zonke iimpahla ezingeniswayo ezivela eTshayina ukongeza kwiirhafu ezikhoyo, kunye neemveliso zelaphu ezifana nentambo zibandakanyiwe ngaphandle kokukhetha. Xa zidityaniswe neerhafu ezikhoyo zeCandelo 301, izinga lerhafu elipheleleyo kwezinye iimveliso zentambo lidlule i-50%, liphinda kabini ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zamashishini okuthumela ngaphandle e-US.
Ngokwezibalo zoshishino, ukuba ii-odolo zase-US zilahleka ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, oko kuya kuchaphazela i-2.5% yengeniso iyonke yeshishini leentambo zasekhaya laseTshayina, kwaye amandla emveliso amancinci naphakathi anokujongana nomngcipheko wokumiswa.
Le nkqubo ikwabangele iingxoxo ezishushu phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-intanethi. Abantu abaninzi batsho ngokuphandle ukuba “i-US idala zonke iintlobo zobunzima eTshayina kodwa ayinakunyamezela amanyathelo okulwa nabanye.” Kubathengisi abanqumla imida, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kweerhafu kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo, okwenza kube yimfuneko ukwandisa iimarike ezahlukeneyo nokuphepha iingozi ezizodwa.
Ngaba uTrump uzimisele ngeli xesha?
Ingxelo yeThe New York Times ngomhla we-10 ibonise ukuba izinga lerhafu yaseMelika kwiimpahla zaseTshayina lifikelele kwi-30%, kwaye kwezinye iimveliso, liphezulu nangakumbi. Inyathelo likaTrump liza kunyusa irhafu yokungenisa impahla yaseTshayina iye ngaphezulu kwe-130%, nto leyo ephawula ukunyuka okukhulu kwengxwabangxwaba phakathi kwamazwe amabini amakhulu kwihlabathi. Ngaphambili kulo nyaka, emva kokunyuka kwerhafu ngamanqanaba amaninzi yi-US, inqanaba lerhafu elibekwe eTshayina lifikelele kwi-145%, phantse lenza uninzi lorhwebo phakathi kwamazwe amabini luyeke. Kamva, iChina ne-US zafikelela kwisivumelwano soxolo lwerhafu ukukhuthaza iingxoxo zorhwebo, zinciphisa kancinci irhafu ukuya kwi-30%. Ukuphinda kuqaliswe yi-US uloyiko lwerhafu ngeli xesha kuya kutshabalalisa impumelelo enzima efunyenweyo ngemigangatho emininzi yengxoxo zoqoqosho norhwebo phakathi kweChina ne-US.
Ihlabathi langaphandle liqaphele ukuba iziphumo ezimbi zokuvalwa korhulumente waseMelika ngoku ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, kwaye uTrump, osele exinezelekile, kutshanje uye wasilela kumzamo wakhe wokufumana iNobel Peace Prize. Abanye abahlalutyi beendaba baseMelika bathi phakathi kweengxaki zangaphakathi nezangaphandle kunye nokungoneliseki okukhulu, inyathelo likaTrump lokukhupha umsindo wakhe ngemithetho emitsha yaseTshayina lisenokuba linyathelo lokuphambukisa ingqalelo yasekhaya.
Nangona kunjalo, isoyikiso esikhawulezileyo sokunyusa izinga lerhafu eTshayina nge-100% senze uluvo loluntu lwaseMelika lwafumanisa ukuba “akukholeleki.” Nokuba eli nani libonakala liphambene liza kuphunyezwa okanye lelinye nje lamaqhinga kaTrump okuxoxisana aqhelekileyo liye laba yinto ephambili kwimpikiswano phakathi kwawo onke amaqela.
Iindlela Zokuchasana zaseTshayina: Indlela Enemiba Emibini Enomhlaba Onqabileyo Nothutho Lwaselwandle
Ukususela ngosuku olungaphambi kolo kude kube lusuku apho uTrump wabhengeza ukonyuswa kwerhafu, iChina yayiqalise ngamandla amanyathelo amabini okulwa noxinzelelo lwezorhwebo lwase-US.
Ukuphuculwa koLawulo lweMhlaba oluNqabileyo
Ngomhla wesi-9 kweyeDwarha, uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo waseTshayina ukhuphe isaziso, esingazange siqinise nje kuphela ulawulo lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zokuqala kodwa sikwaquka nobuchwepheshe bokwembiwa komhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokucoca kunye nezixhobo eziphambili kwicandelo lemiqathango yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okokuqala. Njengoko umhlaba onqabileyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo zokwenza izinto ngobuchule kunye namandla amatsha, eli nyathelo liza kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lwemizi-mveliso efanelekileyo kunye neekhonkco zobonelelo eMelika.
Ukulinganisa okuHlangeneyo kuThutho lwaseLwandle
Ngomhla we-10 kweyeDwarha, uMphathiswa wezoThutho waseTshayina wabhengeza ngaxeshanye ukuba ukususela ngomhla we-14 kweyeDwarha, kuza kuhlawuliswa umrhumo owongezelelweyo weenqanawa ezineflegi zase-US ezingena kumazibuko aseTshayina, kunye nomgangatho wokuhlawulisa ohambelana ngokupheleleyo neentlawulo ezazibekwe yi-US ngaphambili kwiinqanawa zaseTshayina. Idatha ibonisa ukuba urhwebo lwaselwandle phakathi kweTshayina ne-US lubangela ngaphezulu kwe-70% yomthamo worhwebo uwonke phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Eli nyathelo liza kunyusa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zeenkampani zokuthumela iimpahla zase-US, libanyanzele ukuba baphinde bavavanye iindleko zothutho lorhwebo neTshayina, kwaye ngokungathanga ngqo bancede amashishini okuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe afumane amandla angakumbi okuxoxisana.
Ukugqobhoza Imiqobo Emithathu: Amashishini E-Yarn Aqalisa Idabi Lokukhusela Ukusinda Kwawo
1. Ukuphambuka kwiMarike: IiMarike eziKhulayo zithatha ii-odolo zase-US
Njengoko ijongene nemiqobo yerhafu kwimarike yase-US, iimarike ezisakhulayo ezifana noMzantsi Melika ne-Afrika ziba “ziindawo ezikhuselekileyo” kwiinkampani zemisonto. Idatha ibonisa ukuba imfuno yokungenisa iifektri zokuluka zaseBrazil zeemisonto ezisontiweyo zaseTshayina ezisontiweyo ze-vortex kunye ne-air-jet inyukile nge-12% ngonyaka, kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwamashishini empahla yelaphu yasekhaya yase-Argentina kwiimisonto zaseTshayina kudlula ama-60%. I-Shandong Weiqiao ithathe inxaxheba ngokukhawuleza kwiMboniso yeMisonto ye-GTS yaseBrazil kwaye ifikelele kwi-odolo ebekucetyiwe ye-2 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika ngosuku lokuqala. “Abathengi baseMzantsi Melika baxabisa ukonga kweendleko ngakumbi, kwaye ixabiso lemisonto yethu ngetoni liphantsi nge-8% kuneleemveliso ezifanayo ezivela eIndiya, nto leyo eyinzuzo yethu ephambili.”
Iimarike ezikufutshane ne-“Belt and Road” kunye naphakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP nazo zinamandla amakhulu. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2025, ukuthunyelwa kweentambo eTshayina kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia kunyuke nge-9.3%. Phantsi kwesakhelo se-RCEP, ama-82% eentlobo zeentambo anokonwabela ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu okanye ukukhululwa. Emva kokuba amashishini efake izicelo zesatifikethi sokukhetha imvelaphi, irhafu yokungenisa eCambodia ingancitshiswa kancinci ukusuka kwi-15% ukuya kwi-zero, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukhuphiswano lwemarike.
2. Uphuhliso lweMveliso: Iintambo eziNyuliweyo eziXabiso liphezulu ziyamelana neengozi
Kwiiworkshop zemveliso, imigca yemveliso yeentambo ezilwa neentsholongwane kunye neentambo ezipholisa ubushushu zegraphene zisebenza ngokupheleleyo. Olu hlobo lwentambo esebenzayo lunemiqobo ephezulu yetekhnoloji, kwaye nokuba ixabiso lihlengahlengiswa ngenxa yeerhafu, abathengi baseMelika banokwamkela ukunyuka kwexabiso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%. Kwixesha elizayo, utyalo-mali olukhulayo lwe-R&D kwiimveliso zeentambo zempahla yangaphandle kunye neendwangu zonyango luya kuba "yinqaba" yamashishini okumelana nemingcipheko yerhafu.
Iindlela zoshishino nazo ziyaqinisekisa le ndlela. Ngowama-2025, imfuno yehlabathi yeentambo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo iya kwanda nge-15%, kwaye indawo ephezulu yeentambo ezikrelekrele kunye neentambo ezisetyenzisiweyo iphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-2-3 kuneyeemveliso zesiqhelo. Kulindeleke ukuba isabelo semarike seentambo ezikumgangatho ophezulu sifikelele kwi-35% ngo-2030, kwaye ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kube sisiseko samashishini ukuba adlule kwiingxaki.
3. Ukuthobela uLawulo lweMishini yoThengiso: Ukuphepha iMigodi "yokuHlanjwa kweMvelaphi"
Amanye amashishini akhetha ukudlula eMzantsi-mpuma Asia ukuze anciphise iindleko zerhafu, kodwa iingozi zokuthobela imithetho azinakungahoywa. Ishishini lentambo eZhejiang lakha lamiselwa yi-US Customs njengelivela eTshayina kuba lalisika kwaye lithunga eCambodia kuphela ngaphandle kokudlulisela inkqubo yemveliso, nto leyo eyabangela ukunyuka ngequbuliso kweerhafu ezingama-27.5 ekhulwini. Emva kokulungiswa, eli shishini ladlulisela inkqubo yokulukwa kwentambo kwindawo yasekuhlaleni, kwaye ngesatifikethi semvelaphi saseCambodia esithobelayo, izinga lerhafu lehliswa laya kwi-25.6%.
“Iteknoloji yeBlockchain isombulula ingxaki yokulandeleka kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo,” iingcali zoshishino zitshilo. Ngokubeka izinto kwikhonkco ukubonisa yonke inkqubo yemveliso ngexesha langempela, umngcipheko wobuqhetseba bemvelaphi unokuphetshwa ngempumelelo. Okwangoku, amashishini ama-6 aphambili eFujian aphumelele ulawulo lwekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo olubonakalayo.
Industry Dawn: Amathuba Amatsha kwiMarike ye-$43 Billion
Nangona imakethi yaseMelika ijongene noloyiko, amandla emarike yentambo yehlabathi ahlala ekhona. Ubungakanani bemakethi yentambo yehlabathi buza kufikelela kwi-$43 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025, kwaye iphethini apho i-Asia ithatha ngaphezulu kwe-60% ayitshintshi. I-China National Textile and Apparel Council icebisa ukuba amashishini amkele ulwakhiwo lwemigca emibini: ngaphakathi, ahlole iimeko ezihlukeneyo ezifana neempahla zemidlalo kunye neempahla zonyango ukuze afikelele kwimfuno yabathengi basekhaya; kumazwe ngamazwe, asebenzise i-e-commerce ewela imida ukuze akhe iimpawu ze-DTC (Direct-to-Consumer) kwaye afikelele ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi baphesheya.
“Iirhafu ezinyanzelisa ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso zisenokungabi yinto embi,” batsho abahlalutyi abavela kwi-General Administration of Customs. Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala zowama-2025, inani lezicelo zelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wepatent zasekhaya zeentambo ezikrelekrele zonyuke ngama-47% unyaka nonyaka. “Umthamo opheleleyo wokuxhasa uthotho lwemizi-mveliso lweentambo zaseTshayina useyinzuzo ephambili engenakuthathelwa indawo yi-Southeast Asia. Logama nje kufumaneka indlela elungileyo, amathuba amatsha anokuthathwa kwimeko etshintshayo.”
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-14-2025